Science and Technology Directory

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Science and Technology Directory - Comprehensive resource to help you find highly selected science and technology related sites. Covering the fields of astronomy, biology, computer science, engineering, mathematics, physics, social science, and information technology and more....
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An HTTP-Based Versioning Mechanism for Linked Data. (arXiv:1003.3661v1 [cs.DL]) - Dereferencing a URI returns a representation of the current state of the resource identified by that URI. But, on the Web representations of prior states of a resource are also available, for example, as resource versions in Content Management Systems or archival resources in Web Archives such as the Internet Archive. This paper introduces a resource versioning mechanism that is fully based on HTTP and uses datetime as a global version indicator....
Feed Source: arxiv.org

An Algorithm for Odd Graceful Labeling of the Union of Paths and Cycles. (arXiv:1003.3566v1 [cs.NI]) - In 1991, Gnanajothi [4] proved that the path graph P_n with n vertex and n-1 edge is odd graceful, and the cycle graph C_m with m vertex and m edges is odd graceful if and only if m even, she proved the cycle graph is not graceful if m odd. In this paper, firstly, we studied the graph C_m $\cup$ P_m when m = 4, 6,8,10 and then we proved that the graph C_ $\cup$ P_n is odd graceful if m is even. Finally, we described an algorithm to label the vert...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

An Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for the Existing Protocols and Applications. (arXiv:1003.3565v1 [cs.NI]) - Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of two or more devices or nodes or terminals with wireless communications and networking capability that communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized administrator also the wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange information without using any existing fixed network infrastructure. And it's an autonomous system in which mobile hosts connected by wireless links a...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Secure Key Exchange and Encryption Mechanism for Group Communication in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. (arXiv:1003.3564v1 [cs.NI]) - Secured communication in ad hoc wireless networks is primarily important, because the communication signals are openly available as they propagate through air and are more susceptible to attacks ranging from passive eavesdropping to active interfering. The lack of any central coordination and shared wireless medium makes them more vulnerable to attacks than wired networks. Nodes act both as hosts and routers and are interconnected by Multi- hop c...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Coverage and Connectivity Aware Neural Network Based Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. (arXiv:1003.3558v1 [cs.NI]) - There are many challenges when designing and deploying wireless sensor networks (WSNs). One of the key challenges is how to make full use of the limited energy to prolong the lifetime of the network, because energy is a valuable resource in WSNs. The status of energy consumption should be continuously monitored after network deployment. In this paper, we propose coverage and connectivity aware neural network based energy efficient routing in WSN ...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Performance Analysis of Ultra Wideband Receivers for High Data Rate Wireless Personal Area Network System. (arXiv:1003.3556v1 [cs.NI]) - For high data rate ultra wideband communication system, performance comparison of Rake, MMSE and Rake-MMSE receivers is attempted in this paper. Further a detail study on Rake-MMSE time domain equalizers is carried out taking into account all the important parameters such as the effect of the number of Rake fingers and equalizer taps on the error rate performance. This receiver combats inter-symbol interference by taking advantages of both the Ra...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Simulation to track 3D location in GSM through NS2 and real life. (arXiv:1003.3555v1 [cs.NI]) - In recent times the cost of mobile communication has dropped significantly leading to a dramatic increase in mobile phone usage. The widespread usage has led mobiles to emerge as a strong alternative for other applications one of which is tracking. This has enabled law-enforcing agencies to detect overspeeding vehicles and organizations to keep track its employees. The 3 major ways of tracking being employed presently are (a) via GPS [1] (b) sign...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Simulated Annealing for Location Area Planning in Cellular networks. (arXiv:1003.3553v1 [cs.NI]) - LA planning in cellular network is useful for minimizing location management cost in GSM network. In fact, size of LA can be optimized to create a balance between the LA update rate and expected paging rate within LA. To get optimal result for LA planning in cellular network simulated annealing algorithm is used. Simulated annealing give optimal results in acceptable run-time. ...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Fastest Distribution Consensus Problem on Fusion of Two Star Networks. (arXiv:1003.3543v1 [cs.IT]) - Finding optimal weights for the problem of Fastest Distributed Consensus on networks with different topologies has been an active area of research for a number of years. Here in this work we present an analytical solution for the problem of Fastest Distributed Consensus for a network formed from fusion of two different symmetric star networks or in other words a network consists of two different symmetric star networks which share the same centra...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Key distribution in PKC through Quantas. (arXiv:1003.3568v1 [cs.NI]) - Cryptography literally means "The art & science of secret writing & sending a message between two parties in such a way that its contents cannot be understood by someone other than the intended recipient". and Quantum word is related with "Light". Thus, Quantum Cryptography is a way of descripting any information in the form of quantum particles. There are no classical cryptographic systems which are perfectly secure. In contrast to Class...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Applications of Geometric Algorithms to Reduce Interference in Wireless Mesh Network. (arXiv:1003.3569v1 [cs.NI]) - In wireless mesh networks such as WLAN (IEEE 802.11s) or WMAN (IEEE 802.11), each node should help to relay packets of neighboring nodes toward gateway using multi-hop routing mechanisms. Wireless mesh networks usually intensively deploy mesh nodes to deal with the problem of dead spot communication. However, the higher density of nodes deployed, the higher radio interference occurred. This causes significant degradation of system performance. In...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Using Information Theory to Study the Efficiency and Capacity of Computers and Similar Devices. (arXiv:1003.3619v1 [cs.IT]) - We address the problems of estimating the computer efficiency and the computer capacity. We define the computer efficiency and capacity and suggest a method for their estimation, based on the analysis of processor instructions and kinds of accessible memory. It is shown how the suggested method can be applied to estimate the computer capacity. In particular, this consideration gives a new look at the organization of the memory of a computer. Obta...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Sliding window approach based Text Binarisation from Complex Textual images. (arXiv:1003.3654v1 [cs.CV]) - Text binarisation process classifies individual pixels as text or background in the textual images. Binarization is necessary to bridge the gap between localization and recognition by OCR. This paper presents Sliding window method to binarise text from textual images with textured background. Suitable preprocessing techniques are applied first to increase the contrast of the image and blur the background noises due to textured background. Then Ed...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

k-Step Relative Inductive Generalization. (arXiv:1003.3649v1 [cs.FL]) - We introduce a new form of SAT-based symbolic model checking. One common idea in SAT-based symbolic model checking is to generate new clauses from states that can lead to property violations. Our previous work suggests applying induction to generalize from such states. While effective on some benchmarks, the main problem with inductive generalization is that not all such states can be inductively generalized at a given time in the analysis, resul...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

A logic for networks. (arXiv:1003.3629v1 [cs.LO]) - Networks are pervasive in the real world. Nature, society, economy, and technology are supported by ostensibly different networks that in fact share an amazing number of interesting structural properties. Network thinking exploded in the last decade, boosted by the availability of large databases on the topology of various real networks, mainly the Web and biological networks, and converged to the new discipline of network analysis - the holistic...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Computing the Fewest-turn Map Directions based on the Connectivity of Natural Roads. (arXiv:1003.3536v1 [cs.CG]) - In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to computing the fewest-turn map directions or routes based on the concept of natural roads. Natural roads are joined road segments that perceptually constitute good continuity. This approach relies on the connectivity of natural roads rather than that of road segments for computing routes or map directions. Because of this, the derived routes posses the fewest turns. However, what we intend to achieve...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Hiding Inside HTML and Other Source Codes. (arXiv:1003.3457v1 [cs.CR]) - Many steganographic techniques were proposed for hiding secret message inside images, the simplest of them being the LSB data hiding. In this paper, we suggest a novel data hiding technique in an HTML Web page and also propose some simple techniques to extend the embedding technique to source codes written in any programming language (both case insensitive like HTML, Pascal and case sensitive languages like C, C++, Java). We basically try to expl...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Stability of the bipartite matching model. (arXiv:1003.3477v1 [cs.DM]) - We consider the bipartite matching model of customers and servers introduced by Caldentey, Kaplan, and Weiss (Adv. Appl. Probab., 2009). Customers and servers play symmetrical roles. There is a finite set C resp. S, of customer, resp. server, classes. Time is discrete and at each time step, one customer and one server arrive in the system according to a joint probability measure on CxS, independently of the past. Also, at each time step, pairs of...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Flattening single-vertex origami: the non-expansive case. (arXiv:1003.3490v1 [cs.CG]) - A single-vertex origami is a piece of paper with straight-line rays called creases emanating from a fold vertex placed in its interior or on its boundary. The Single-Vertex Origami Flattening problem asks whether it is always possible to reconfigure the creased paper from any configuration compatible with the metric, to a flat, non-overlapping position, in such a way that the paper is not torn, stretched and, for rigid origami, not bent anywhere ...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Generalized Maiorana-McFarland Constructions for Almost Optimal Resilient Functions. (arXiv:1003.3492v1 [cs.CR]) - In a recent paper \cite{Zhang-Xiao}, Zhang and Xiao describe a technique on constructing almost optimal resilient functions on even number of variables. In this paper, we will present an extensive study of the constructions of almost optimal resilient functions by using the generalized Maiorana-McFarland (GMM) construction technique. It is shown that for any given $m$, it is possible to construct infinitely many $n$-variable ($n$ even), $m$-resil...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Towards Automated Lecture Capture, Navigation and Delivery System for Web-Lecture on Demand. (arXiv:1003.3533v1 [cs.MM]) - Institutions all over the world are continuously exploring ways to use ICT in improving teaching and learning effectiveness. The use of course web pages, discussion groups, bulletin boards, and e-mails have shown considerable impact on teaching and learning in significant ways, across all disciplines. ELearning has emerged as an alternative to traditional classroom-based education and training and web lectures can be a powerful addition to tradit...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Topic Map: An Ontology Framework for Information Retrieval. (arXiv:1003.3530v1 [cs.DL]) - The basic classification techniques for organizing information are thesauri, taxonomy and faceted classification. Topic map is relatively a new entrant to this information space. Topic map standard describes how complex relationships between abstract concepts and real world resources can be represented using XML syntax. This paper explores how topic map incorporates the traditional techniques and what are its advantages and disadvantages in sever...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Independent Sets from an Algebraic Perspective. (arXiv:1003.3508v1 [math.AC]) - In this paper, we study the basic problem of counting independent sets in a graph and, in particular, the problem of counting antichains in a finite poset, from an algebraic perspective. We show that neither independence polynomials of bipartite Cohen-Macaulay graphs nor Hilbert series of initial ideals of radical zero-dimensional complete intersections ideals, can be evaluated in polynomial time, unless #P=P. Moreover, we present a family of rad...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

On the Degrees of Freedom Regions of Two-User MIMO Z and Full Interference Channels with Reconfigurable Antennas. (arXiv:1003.3507v1 [cs.IT]) - We study the degrees of freedom (DoF) regions of two-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Z and full interference channels in this paper. We assume that the receivers always have perfect channel state information. We derive the DoF region of Z interference channel with channel state information at transmitter (CSIT). For full interference channel without CSIT, the DoF region has been obtained in previous work except for a special case M1<...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Generalized Distributed Network Coding Based on Nonbinary Linear Block Codes for Multi-User Cooperative Communications. (arXiv:1003.3501v1 [cs.IT]) - In this work, we propose and analyze a generalized construction of distributed network codes for a network consisting of M users sending different information to a common base station through independent block fading channels. The aim is to increase the diversity order of the system without reducing its code rate. The proposed scheme, called generalized dynamic network codes (GDNC), is a generalization of the dynamic network codes (DNC) recently ...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Geometric reconstruction from point-normal data. (arXiv:1003.3499v1 [cs.CG]) - Creating virtual models of real spaces and objects is cumbersome and time consuming. This paper focuses on the problem of geometric reconstruction from sparse data obtained from certain image-based modeling approaches. A number of elegant and simple-to-state problems arise concerning when the geometry can be reconstructed. We describe results and counterexamples, and list open problems. ...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

When group level is different from the population level: an adaptive network with the Deffuant model. (arXiv:1002.1896v2 [physics.soc-ph] UPDATED) - We propose a model coupling the classical opinion dynamics of the bounded confidence model, proposed by Deffuant et al., with an adaptive network forming a community or group structure. At each step, an individual can decide if it changes groups or interact on its opinion with one of its internal or external neighbour. If it decides to look at the group level, it changes groups if its opinion is far from the average of its group from more than a ...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Message Detection and Extraction of Chaotic Optical Communication Using Time-Frequency Analysis. (arXiv:1001.2060v3 [cs.CR] UPDATED) - The security of chaotic optical communication using time-frequency (TF) representation is analyzed in this paper. The mean scalogram ratio (MSR) of TF representation and peak sidelobe level of MSR are defined to detect message. Algorithm for message detection and extraction is presented in detail. Two typical message encryption schemes, chaos masking and chaos modulation, are analyzed. The results reveal that it is not secure to transmit message ...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

The Dense k Subgraph problem. (arXiv:0912.5327v2 [cs.DM] UPDATED) - Given a graph G = (V,E) and a parameter k, we consider the problem of finding a subset U in V of size k that maximizes the number of induced edges (DkS). We improve upon the previously best known approximation ratio for DkS, a ratio that has not seen any progress during the last decade. Specifically, we improve the approximation ratio from n^{0.32258} to n^{0.3159}. The improved ratio is obtained by studying a variant to the DkS problem in which...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Local resilience and Hamiltonicity Maker-Breaker games in random-regular graphs. (arXiv:0911.4351v2 [math.CO] UPDATED) - For an increasing monotone graph property $\mP$ the \emph{local resilience} of a graph $G$ with respect to $\mP$ is the minimal $r$ for which there exists of a subgraph $H\subseteq G$ with all degrees at most $r$ such that the removal of the edges of $H$ from $G$ creates a graph that does not possesses $\mP$. This notion, which was implicitly studied for some ad-hoc properties, was recently treated in a more systematic way in a paper by Sudakov a...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Quantum interpolation of polynomials. (arXiv:0909.5683v2 [quant-ph] UPDATED) - We consider quantum interpolation of polynomials. We imagine a quantum computer with black-box access to input/output pairs (x_i, f(x_i)), where f is a degree-d polynomial, and we wish to compute f(0). We give asymptotically tight quantum lower bounds for this problem, even in the case where 0 is among the possible values of x_i. ...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Directed Transmission Method, A Fully Asynchronous approach to Solve Sparse Linear Systems in Parallel. (arXiv:0810.3783v3 [math.NA] UPDATED) - There are many algorithms to solve large sparse linear systems in parallel; however, most of them acquire synchronization and thus are lack of scalability. In this paper, we propose a new distributed numerical algorithm, called Directed Transmission Method (DTM). DTM is a fully asynchronous, scalable and continuous-time iterative algorithm to solve the arbitrarily-large sparse linear system whose coefficient matrix is symmetric-positive-definite ...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

Dynamic Connectivity in ALOHA Ad Hoc Networks. (arXiv:0808.4146v2 [cs.IT] UPDATED) - In a wireless network the set of transmitting nodes changes frequently because of the MAC scheduler and the traffic load. Previously, connectivity in wireless networks was analyzed using static geometric graphs, and as we show leads to an overly constrained design criterion. The dynamic nature of the transmitting set introduces additional randomness in a wireless system that improves the connectivity, and this additional randomness is not capture...
Feed Source: arxiv.org

This Week in Science - Saturn's Secrets Probed | A Fair Society | At Sixes and Sevens | Ferrous Shape Memory Alloy | Taming Turbulence | Small Is Beautiful | Messy Mountain Meandering | Sperm Wars | Diversity Gradients | Puberty Impairs Plasticity | Dancing with AMPARs | Cycle Entrainment | Dying by Design | Partial View | Oceanic Nitrogen Fixation...
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Editors' Choice - Geology: Tracking the Deluge | Chemistry: Corralling Peptides | Virology: Weathering Influenza | Evolution: Polar Bear, Polar Bear | Infectious Disease: Grounding Mosquitoes for Dengue Control | Cell Biology: Familial Ties in the Nucleus | Materials Science: Mass Transit...
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Random Samples - Elephant Camp Swept Away | Big Prize for Gene Sequencers | Isles of Abundance | Three Q's...
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[Editorial] Science-Based Health Care - Author: Chen Zhu...
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[News of the Week] Fusion: Budget Red Tape in Europe Brings New Delay to ITER - The projected start of the ITER fusion reactor in France looks set to slip by another 10 months. The new completion date is now November 2019.Author: Daniel Clery...
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[News of the Week] Anthrax Investigation: Silicon Mystery Endures in Solved Anthrax Case - Scientists say there is clear evidence that the high levels of silicon found in the anthrax used in the 2001 letter attacks came not from anything added to "weaponize" the anthrax spores but from the culture in which the spores were grown. So why did the mailed anthrax have such a high proportion of spores with a silicon signature in comparison to most other anthrax samples?Author: Yudhijit Bhattacharjee...
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[News of the Week] Psychiatry: Beyond DSM: Seeking a Brain-Based Classification of Mental Illness - Harnessing knowledge gained from modern research in neuroscience and genetics to improve the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders was a major impetus for undertaking a revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).Author: Greg Miller...
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[News of the Week] National Science Foundation: Budget Shortfall Could Derail Plans for Underground Lab - A tight budget and unanticipated safety problems are threatening to kill plans to convert an abandoned gold mine in South Dakota into a $750 million deep underground science and engineering laboratory.Authors: Adrian Cho, Lauren Schenkman...
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[News of the Week] U.S. Science Policy: MIT Engineering Dean Tapped to Head NSF - The dean of engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Subra Suresh, is in line to become the next director of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), Science has learned.Author: Jeffrey Mervis...
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[News of the Week] India: Hardy Cotton-Munching Pests Are Latest Blow to GM Crops - Monsanto has revealed that a common insect pest has developed resistance to its flagship genetically modified (GM) product in India. Monsanto claims that the finding "is the first case of field-relevant resistance to Cry1Ac products, anywhere in the world."Author: Pallava Bagla...
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[News of the Week] 2010 Budget: China Amasses War Chest to Confront Its Environmental Nightmares - In a nod to rising public expectations, China's government work plan for 2010, rolled out last week at the country's two major annual political powwows, puts the environment front and center.Authors: Hao Xin, Richard Stone...
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[News of the Week] 2010 Budget: Fresh Momentum for China's Science Juggernaut - Science won high praise and a hefty budget boost at last week's meetings of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Central government spending on science and technology is slated to rise 8% to $24 billion in 2010.Author: Richard Stone...
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[News of the Week] ScienceNOW.org: From Science's Online Daily News Site - ScienceNOW reported this week that psychopaths may be hypersensitive to rewards, which may create a pathological drive for money, sex, and status; a proposed carbon-capture method could poison oceans; a way to finger criminals from their skin bacteria; and the successful identification of the memory a person is recalling by analyzing their brain activity; among other stories....
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[News of the Week] Research Funding: Polish Science Reforms Bring Fear and Hope - The Polish Parliament this month began voting on legislation creating a new national agency charged with distributing competitive grants for frontier research.Author: Elisabeth Pain...
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[News of the Week] Evolution: Male Rivalry Extends to Sperm in Female Reproductive Tract - Two papers published by Science this week, one on work in ants and bees and the other on work in fruit flies, demonstrate that sperm competition between males continues even after the sperm enters the female.Author: Elizabeth Pennisi...
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[News of the Week] ScienceInsider: From the Science Policy Blog - ScienceInsider reported this week that congressional supporters of stem cell research have introduced legislation to codify President Barack Obama's 2009 executive order, which lifted restrictions on the number of human embryonic stem cell lines available to federally funded researchers, among other stories....
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[News Focus] Climate Change: The Nile Delta's Sinking Future - Climate change and damming the Nile are threatening Egypt's agricultural oasis. Author: John Bohannon...
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[News Focus] Lunar and Planetary Science Conference: Lucky Glimpses of a Weirdly Wetter Moon - At the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, scientists flying a ground-penetrating radar on India's Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter reported a distinctive radar signature from the interiors but not the surroundings of more than 40 small craters in the north polar region, suggesting ice.Author: Richard A. Kerr...
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[News Focus] Lunar and Planetary Science Conference: Coaxing Out Another Taste of the Sun - At the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, team members of the Genesis mission, which returned atomic bits of the sun and thus samples of the solar system's primordial material, confirmed their measurement of the isotopic composition of the solar wind's oxygen and reported an isotopic composition for solar-wind nitrogen.Author: Richard A. Kerr...
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[News Focus] Lunar and Planetary Science Conference: Spirit Is Willing, Though Weak - At the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, there was talk of resurrecting the Spirit rover, which has been stuck since January, or at least a realistic prospect of a return to limited mobility. NASA missions are indeed hard to kill.Author: Richard A. Kerr...
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[News Focus] Lunar and Planetary Science Conference: Snapshots From the Meeting - Snapshots from the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference include the discovery of its first candidate bits of mineral born around distant stars and considerable progress in making sense of the odd shape of the moon.Author: Richard A. Kerr...
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[Letter] Unlocking the Door to Better Cybersecurity - Author: Angus K. Y. Wong...
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[Letter] Unlocking the Door to Better Cybersecurity?Response - Authors: William A. Wulf, Anita K. Jones...
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[Letter] Chilean Scientists Rally After Quake - Author: Guillaume Duménil...
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[Letter] Salmon Swimming Against Multiple Threats - Author: Bruce Wright...
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[Letter] Planning for Biodiversity in Future Climates - Author: Luke P. Shoo...
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[Letter] Planning for Biodiversity in Future Climates?Response - Authors: Oscar Venter, William F. Laurance, Takuya Iwamura, Kerrie A. Wilson, Richard A. Fuller, Hugh P. Possingham...
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[Letter] Is the Message from Athens Being Heard? - Authors: Ronny Merken, Faidra Bazigou, Nico Koedam...
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[Book Review] Science Practice: Sailing on an Ocean of 0s and 1s - This set of essays from researchers and computer scientists describes the prospects and possibilities of data-intensive science.Author: James P. Collins...
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[Book Review] Computers and Society: Programming to Forget - Mayer-Schönberger explores a range of concerns arising from the fact that information technology makes us less able to forget our pasts.Author: William Dutton...
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[Books et al.] Books Received - A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 12 March 2010....
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[Policy Forum] Ecology: China, India, and the Environment - Cooperation between China and India can curtail biodiversity loss, mitigate climate change, and reduce deforestation.Authors: Kamaljit S. Bawa, Lian Pin Koh, Tien Ming Lee, Jianguo Liu, P. S. Ramakrishnan, Douglas W. Yu, Ya-ping Zhang, Peter H. Raven...
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[Perspective] Chemistry: Setting the Trap for Reactive Resonances - A combined quantum mechanical calculation and molecular beam study has succeeded in detecting elusive metastable quantum states.Author: Stuart C. Althorpe...
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[Perspective] Plant Science: Phenology Under Global Warming - In most temperate tree species, phenological events such as flowering and autumnal cessation of growth are not primarily controlled by temperature.Authors: Christian Körner, David Basler...
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[Perspective] Applied Physics: Controlling Turbulence - Injecting a fluid jet into a pipe at an optimized location can control the development of turbulent flow.Author: Beverley J. McKeon...
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[Perspective] Neuroscience: AMPA Receptors?Another Twist? - A protein expressed in brain controls the plasticity of synaptic transmission by regulating the properties of a neurotransmitter receptor.Authors: Mark Farrant, Stuart G. Cull-Candy...
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[Perspective] Physics: Toward Organic All-Optical Switching - A sophisticated molecular design method yields an organic material for possible application in high-speed, all-optical communication.Authors: Saif A. Haque, Jenny Nelson...
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[Perspective] Behavior: Fairness in Modern Society - What features of a society motivate individuals to behave fairly?Author: Karla Hoff...
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[Perspective] Materials Science: Expanding the Repertoire of Shape Memory Alloys - An iron alloy may open up new applications for strong materials that are also capable of large reversible shape changes.Authors: Ji Ma, Ibrahim Karaman...
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[Review] An Evolving View of Saturn?s Dynamic Rings - Authors: J. N. Cuzzi, J. A. Burns, S. Charnoz, R. N. Clark, J. E. Colwell, L. Dones, L. W. Esposito, G. Filacchione, R. G. French, M. M. Hedman, S. Kempf, E. A. Marouf, C. D. Murray, P. D. Nicholson, C. C. Porco, J. Schmidt, M. R. Showalter, L. J. Spilker, J. N. Spitale, R. Srama, M. Srem?evi?, M. S. Tiscareno, J. Weiss...
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[Review] Saturn: Atmosphere, Ionosphere, and Magnetosphere - Authors: Tamas I. Gombosi, Andrew P. Ingersoll...
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[Research Article] Markets, Religion, Community Size, and the Evolution of Fairness and Punishment - The origins of modern social norms and behaviors may be found in the evolution of institutions.Authors: Joseph Henrich, Jean Ensminger, Richard McElreath, Abigail Barr, Clark Barrett, Alexander Bolyanatz, Juan Camilo Cardenas, Michael Gurven, Edwins Gwako, Natalie Henrich, Carolyn Lesorogol, Frank Marlowe, David Tracer, John Ziker...
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[Report] Design of Polymethine Dyes with Large Third-Order Optical Nonlinearities and Loss Figures of Merit - Nonlinear optical materials are designed and characterized for potential applications in all-optical switching.Authors: Joel M. Hales, Jonathan Matichak, Stephen Barlow, Shino Ohira, Kada Yesudas, Jean-Luc Brédas, Joseph W. Perry, Seth R. Marder...
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[Report] Ferrous Polycrystalline Shape-Memory Alloy Showing Huge Superelasticity - A shape-memory alloy has been prepared with high mechanical energy absorption capability and reversible magnetization change.Authors: Y. Tanaka, Y. Himuro, R. Kainuma, Y. Sutou, T. Omori, K. Ishida...
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[Report] Eliminating Turbulence in Spatially Intermittent Flows - Injection of jets of water is used to control the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in pipes.Authors: Björn Hof, Alberto de Lozar, Marc Avila, Xiaoyun Tu, Tobias M. Schneider...
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[Report] Microcavity Laser Oscillating in a Circuit-Based Resonator - An ultrasmall laser is fabricated from conventional electronic components combined with an amplifying medium.Authors: Christoph Walther, Giacomo Scalari, Maria Ines Amanti, Mattias Beck, Jérôme Faist...
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[Report] The Climatic Signature of Incised River Meanders - Typhoon frequency and bedrock strength influence river meandering in mountain environments.Authors: Colin P. Stark, Jonathan R. Barbour, Yuichi S. Hayakawa, Tsuyoshi Hattanji, Niels Hovius, Hongey Chen, Ching-Weei Lin, Ming-Jame Horng, Kai-Qin Xu, Yukitoshi Fukahata...
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[Report] Transition-State Spectroscopy of Partial Wave Resonances in the F + HD Reaction - Spectroscopy can distinguish the reaction paths in a collision between an atom and a diatomic system.Authors: Wenrui Dong, Chunlei Xiao, Tao Wang, Dongxu Dai, Xueming Yang, Dong H. Zhang...
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[Report] Mechanosensitive Self-Replication Driven by Self-Organization - The type of mechanical agitation applied to a solution influences which of two molecular products dominate.Authors: Jacqui M. A. Carnall, Christopher A. Waudby, Ana M. Belenguer, Marc C. A. Stuart, Jérôme J.-P. Peyralans, Sijbren Otto...
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[Report] Seminal Fluid Mediates Ejaculate Competition in Social Insects - Substances produced by rival male social insects destroy sperm, and females produce compounds to counteract sperm loss.Authors: Susanne P. A. den Boer, Boris Baer, Jacobus J. Boomsma...
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[Report] Patterns of Diversity in Marine Phytoplankton - Highest diversity occurs in physically dynamic mid-latitude zones, and lowest diversity and highest biomass occur toward the poles.Authors: Andrew D. Barton, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Glenn Flierl, Jason Bragg, Michael J. Follows...
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[Report] Unicellular Cyanobacterial Distributions Broaden the Oceanic N2 Fixation Domain - Nitrogen fixation in the South Pacific Ocean is partitioned among several microbe species with distinct ecophysiologies.Authors: Pia H. Moisander, Roxanne A. Beinart, Ian Hewson, Angelicque E. White, Kenneth S. Johnson, Craig A. Carlson, Joseph P. Montoya, Jonathan P. Zehr...
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[Report] A Critical Role for ?4?? GABAA Receptors in Shaping Learning Deficits at Puberty in Mice - Learning incapacity observed during puberty is related to receptor location in the hippocampus.Authors: Hui Shen, Nicole Sabaliauskas, Ang Sherpa, André A. Fenton, Armin Stelzer, Chiye Aoki, Sheryl S. Smith...
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[Report] CKAMP44: A Brain-Specific Protein Attenuating Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity in the Dentate Gyrus - A synaptic protein that regulates postsynaptic AMPA receptor responses has been cloned and functionally characterized.Authors: Jakob von Engelhardt, Volker Mack, Rolf Sprengel, Netta Kavenstock, Ka Wan Li, Yael Stern-Bach, August B. Smit, Peter H. Seeburg, Hannah Monyer...
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[Report] Circadian Gating of the Cell Cycle Revealed in Single Cyanobacterial Cells - Modeling and observation of cyanobacteria show entrainment of the cell cycle by their biological clock.Authors: Qiong Yang, Bernardo F. Pando, Guogang Dong, Susan S. Golden, Alexander van Oudenaarden...
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New Products - A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers....
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[Podcast] Science Podcast - The show includes the biology behind learning deficits at puberty, a 3D invisibility cloak, and the Nile delta's sinking future....
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